Radiography, commonly known as X‑ray imaging, uses a small amount of electromagnetic radiation to create images of the body. These images, called radiographs, help physicians evaluate the type and extent of injuries such as fractures and identify disease or abnormalities in the lungs, stomach, intestines, and other areas of the body.

X‑ray images work by capturing a picture of how different tissues absorb or block radiation. Dense structures such as bones appear clearly, while softer tissues appear in varying shades of gray. Images may be recorded digitally, on specialized imaging plates, or viewed in real time using fluoroscopy.

Fluoroscopy provides continuous, real‑time X‑ray images and is often used to guide certain procedures, such as catheter placement or image‑guided treatments. This technology uses a lower radiation dose while allowing physicians to see movement and function as the procedure takes place.