A myelogram is a specialized imaging procedure performed on an outpatient basis by a radiologist to evaluate conditions affecting the spinal canal, spinal cord, and nerve roots. The exam combines real‑time X‑ray imaging, known as fluoroscopy, with computed tomography, or CT, to produce detailed images of the spine.
During the procedure, a contrast material, sometimes called X‑ray dye, is carefully injected into the spinal canal using a small needle. This contrast helps highlight the spinal structures, allowing physicians to better visualize areas of concern. The images obtained during a myelogram assist your physician in diagnosing spinal conditions and planning appropriate treatment.
Myelograms are often used when additional detail is needed or when planning for surgical treatment of the spine. These highly detailed images may help identify:
- Compression of nerve roots caused by herniated discs
- Degenerative changes in the bones or tissues surrounding the spinal canal
- Spinal stenosis
- Tumors involving the spine, spinal cord, or nerve roots
- Infections affecting the spine, discs, or surrounding tissues
- Spinal lesions caused by disease or trauma
- Cerebrospinal fluid leaks
